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    1. 如何鑒賞英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌

      時(shí)間:2021-06-13 14:02:36 詩(shī)歌 我要投稿

      如何鑒賞英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌

        英語(yǔ)的詩(shī)歌怎么鑒賞?我為各位帶來(lái)了下面幾篇英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌,希望對(duì)大家有幫助。

      如何鑒賞英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌

        如何鑒賞英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌

        一、 詩(shī)的格律 “格律是指可以用腳打拍子的節(jié)奏”,是每個(gè)音步輕重音節(jié)排列的格式,也是朗讀時(shí)輕重音的依據(jù).而音步是由重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詩(shī)的分析單位.重讀音節(jié)為揚(yáng)(重),在音節(jié)上用“-”或“?”標(biāo)示,非重讀音節(jié)為抑(輕),在音節(jié)上用“?”標(biāo)示,音步之間可用“/”隔開(kāi).以下是五種常見(jiàn)格式:

        1. 抑揚(yáng)格(輕重格)Iambus:是最常見(jiàn)的一種格式,每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.

        As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass,

        So deep / in luve / am I :

        And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear, Till a` / the seas / gang dry:

        Robert Burns(1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose

        注;art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go

        上例中為四音步與三音步交叉,可標(biāo)示為:

        2.揚(yáng)抑格(重輕格)Trochee:每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.

        下例中為四音步揚(yáng)抑格(少一個(gè)輕音節(jié)),可標(biāo)示為:

        Tyger!/ Tyger!/ burning / bright

        In the / forests / of the / night

        William Blake: The Tyger

        3. 抑抑揚(yáng)格(輕輕重格)Anapaestic foot: 每個(gè)音步由兩個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.如:三音步抑抑揚(yáng)格?-/?-/?-

        Like a child / from the womb,

        Like a ghost / from the tomb,

        I arise / and unbuild / it again.

        4. 揚(yáng)抑抑格(重輕輕格)Dactylic foot: 每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)加兩個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.如:兩音步揚(yáng)抑抑格-?/-?

        ?Touch her not / ?scornfully,

        ?Think of her / ?mournfully.

        - Thomas Hood

        5. 抑揚(yáng)抑格(輕重輕格)Amphibrach:每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)再加一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成.如:三音步抑揚(yáng)抑格?-?/?-?/?-?下例中最后一個(gè)音步為抑揚(yáng)格.

        O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight.

        在同一首詩(shī)中常會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同的.格律,格律解析對(duì)朗讀詩(shī)歌有一定參考價(jià)值.現(xiàn)代詩(shī)中常不遵守規(guī)范的格律.

        二、 詩(shī)的押韻

        押韻是指通過(guò)重復(fù)元音或輔音以達(dá)到一定音韻效果的詩(shī)歌寫(xiě)作手法.

        1. 尾韻:最常見(jiàn),最重要的押韻方式.

        1) 聯(lián)韻:aabb型.

        I shot an arrow into the air,

        It fell to earth, I knew not where;

        For, so swiftly it flew, the sight

        Could not follow it in its flight.

        Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song

        2) 交叉韻:abab型.

        Sunset and evening star,

        And one clear call for me!

        And may there be no moaning of the bar,

        When I put out to sea,

        Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar

        3) 同韻:有的詩(shī)押韻,一韻到底,大多是在同一節(jié)詩(shī)中 共用一個(gè)韻腳.

        如下例就共用/i:p/為韻腳.

        The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

        But I have promises to keep,

        And miles to go before I sleep,

        And miles to go before I sleep.

        Robert Frost (1874-19633): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

        2. 頭韻:是指一行(節(jié))詩(shī)中幾個(gè)詞開(kāi)頭的輔音相同,形成押韻.下例中運(yùn)用/f/、/b/與/s/頭韻生動(dòng)寫(xiě)出了船在海上輕快航行的景象.

        The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,

        The furrow followed free,

        We were the first that ever burst

        Into that silent sea.

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