cxwȫ
cxwȫ1
갿˼ԣе߀е˻ѽ(jng)ˡеͬmȻˣ˼eOһഺv
ʲô@ôfأеһλϝOiϰyĘLMְªһСк֮]κlҊ@ӵ˶fһλ۾sˮ{M˘^c
ϝOѽ(jng)Bm(x)ʮ]κεի@֮ǰһ~СкRZҲx_ڄe˵ijЦȻԼ឵~Ќ\xеļҾǴҵx۵Ė|ː۴ѴһλʴȵŮԣB~ͺLѡnjڰʮ첶@ĴR~˵ĸҲһֱ׃ġ
_ʼ~ڴƯʎʹ]ˮ]ʳ]]ֳҲzŗ(jng)^ҹ֮Kښ~˩ڴ߅d^KڿԽY(ji)ج\ǝuu_ʼpR~ǻۺһλ.˱ЄR~еy^ˎ(zhn)Ʒ;~ȺĹc~IJбF(xin)Ӳhӵһ挦ȺY(ji)꠵~Ⱥćڎ]κϣrԛQc~~G˺ýژϵĵô̹ͬ~IJR~߀Ҫ@UsԏؓεĴ~mȻԹ~òؓӸZ
f˲Ǟʧһ˿Ա絫ԱһλOMɱҕ顰ϡ
ͬߺҲT(jng)vˑ(zhn);ϵĥ䌍һһεJ^ˣϧ߀xԚY(ji)Լ
ҲSԼɣs`ˡcľòf@һz҂Ҳ¸挦һҪz
cxwȫ2
x꡶cߣ҂һλʮ挦ʧͿĴ~~ԏ־c`@λԏ~ڽBʮт]в~rh(jng)^иŬҹĺһĴR~KƷ˴R~~ڴ߅sһһ~m(x)sϝO]б҈ԏȻc@ЩѪߑ(zhn)ڎ״~M֮R~ѽ(jng)Եһɱ'صەrR~ֻʣһǼˡK߀һo
ʲô֧ϝOҹcR~ʲô֧ϝO~ôľs~һδMˈԏ`ڽ(jng)vһδĥy߀ǺӓuĈԳ֣cR~ˎҹwƣl(f)F(xin)^ľһl|^~(sh)ĴһrҲ֪Ҫȡϣãs߀ӲҪԳR~ںˮУѪζ~˛]зŗԼīCøNc֮(zhn)R~K߀DZԹˣ߀ǰ~Ǽ˝OۡϰÿߎײҪúϢһΕrgҊгԱM˿^@ӵĈԳDz˼h@@ϝOmȻoѽ(jng)ҲЂ挦~@˃Č]˿s߀Գ֑(zhn)ֱĿˑ{Զ@Ƭهε{Ĵό²Ԋƪ
ˌҲ@ҊmȻһoУ߀DZMBm(x)ʮ첶~rȻKδ@rҲ]һ겻挦Ŀ˲и挦ɹŬ挦{¸ƴ@Ҳˌx͕rڵĿ
mȻ~ĽY(ji)һҲ˻ؑ˴ҲDzֵCԼCԼĥ־͌벻и⡣
cxwȫ3
ԏxcʮСfϝO־ҶһһҪЈԳֲиľܫ@óɹ
ČWԺԺʿ˹f^cһoȺƷһNoɿܵʮ־СfϝO־Ҷһ˱ҪЈԳֲиľFoݚRȡóɹ
Сf茑һλϝOɣ၆粶~r@UĹBm(x)85춼]в~rһ֪Գ\Kڲһl~sρϝOͬ~3ҹŰl(f)F(xin)@һlijĴR~֪y(zhn)sԲŗKښ˴R~s~ζ~퓌ʳM˾ţ֮ͻˡ~İȦR~ĹǼ~sõ˵ٝp
xϝO룺@x̫ҲSڸhĵطи~rʮ@λϝO벻HH߅ǟo߅oHĴ҂ٻ^ԼƽrһcСyͶпBΛrһλѮϝOء҂ԓϝOһؑѴ־ȥhĿ
xR~_ʼٵ؇СO΄|Kp@ΦUe䓲Sˮһ˲g߱MȫKSȥY(ji)˴R~rҵҲһKʯ^K˵ҷdzJǷNqԥԳֲи`]нz˿sӭyϡ҂ҲҪWϝO@N²yȡóɹľ҂ەrԓҪ¸挦yǰӭy҂@N^yyľfģʧȥ˽Xֻʧȥһcʧȥ˘suʧSࣻʧȥ⡪Ͱһжʧȥ
СfٝPϝOηDUŬ^ľ҂ҲԓǘܝMڬF(xin)@rԓeOκ¶ҪԳֲиyQ˿sҪӭy^ܰ;U҂ܫ@øĄ
cxwȫ4
ڡcк҂һλɣ၆Ӳh@λӲhһλϝOһo@İʮKڲһloȵR~@l~Ĵ߀ҪLӢ@l~Ǵ(jng)^Ű@lR~Ȼ@rs~(jng)^IJŵÓR~ֻʣһddĴǼϝOKˆͬ˕вͬ'JϝO]Є~DŽR~~ԵȻJϝOĄ]y^B־[ÓһyKͦ^K˂C߀һM(jng)yĝO߀һصصӲhcھx
ʲô]ˎһlR~أ@ӲŸwF(xin)˵ľϝOmȻ]ЎһlR~sˌԼĄ҂fһԒY(ji)ҪҪ^ԼƴԼŬԼ־cDUĕrʬF(xin)M@ҲfģҿԱߚҲܱʧ҂ˣϝOǘӳMô҂hվ
һOfܲ@κκa(chn)ƷǟoɽܵcCԼһlDyĵ·@l·һZֵСкcһͬϵیĿ@ƺҲڰʾϝOwmȻ`̎ľСкһpMͬrҲ@l·ǰĵ·ϝOǹªįҲһԔ\^@l·ϊ^ƴ
ϝOԔһһֱ@Ԓӡo@ӲhጷŲϝO؛Q
Ԕ@ڡcЌWΨһԡ
cxwȫ5
cǺ1951ڹŰ͌һƪƪСfǺƷ֮һ
ľP(gun)һ\ŪĹŰϝO-ʥĹ߀P(gun)һкϝOp^^^\^q˹MTļwsoӢw(ni)ĵĸFB(zhn)СкP(gun)@gFϝO(zhn)Oľ֧
ϱ\ϝOڽһֱo~(j)ԼĽ(jng)Д࣬Q¸ҵتһȥhĺ~v(jng)˳˟o̵ǧyfUϝO(zhn)ԼĵĘOKڲ@һlġǶ-ԁҊ^һl
@ôϲ@l~X֮gôǿԻ~SʳҲЩ~ǘֻ֪ȥMʳߵҊʲô@ЩԒճϝOpИʄtӢºF
ϝOģÿӖ|e'|^ʽͬTˡ~B(yng)ϝOͬҲˡF(xin)҂?ni)_l(f)ȻYԴ҂ȻĐ_Y(ji)Ҳ҂?ni)ԼأϝO鲻ȻО˼Ҳ҂?ni)?jng)Ć
mȻ˂ֻܿǵǶ~ĴβֱQСҵĺ߅~¶ļһl߀ЎͻLĺںX@^β֮gsһo˂?ni)еظܵ@l~ĂͲ~ߵ
һ˿Աܱf@ԒؐfҿԱݚҲܱ.@Щܱ@ЩܱǸFʡǣкʹ˻ۡȥ
cxwȫ6
@xһСc@Ҫvһλ˳ꪚںϴ~һ឵һl~ڷص·˳Ⱥ~ʹ┵(sh)~~ܳԵⶼˡY(ji)ϻȥֻһ~Ǽ
҂yҲSӭyϣҲηyֹfϰСrp_ѽ(jng)U]ԷeO^ŵđB(ti)ȥ(zhn)~ZNڴ^N(jng)^ϰ̵IJиŬKڑ(zhn)˴߀@˘suԼؕIѸ(jng)f^ؑԓF(xin)@ӵĚšЦĘӭӱK\ŵ푪ԼIJǰ҂\ͲҕrcԹ\IJ߀ԄđB(ti)c\
˲Ҳ@ӵƲ]бκyMԼŬcеĥyϵĶҲf^һyԒһ˲ҪosܴyrһҪۉһ˵һвܛ]ʧ҂܉ʧЫ@ȡĽ(jng)l(f)F(xin)ɹʧͨɹıؽ(jng)֮·DzǏʧЫ@ȡĵի@ëɖ|ϯ(jng)f^ʧdzɹ֮ĸy(tng)ֿһo(sh)ʧʹȻӢ^1832ʧI(y)(jng)^13θxȻ12ε`xʧһҲ1860ĕrֿϽKڮxy(tng)Kڳɹˣ@һôd^ŬKڵõ˻؈
҂ەrԓҪ¸挦yǰӭy҂@N^yyľfģʧȥ˽Xֻʧȥһcʧȥ˘suʧSࣻʧȥͰһжʧȥ
cxwȫ7
cҪvһԲ~ϝOɣŸĹ¡ʮsһo@Oҕ鵹ùˣδ^Kһl~ʹ~ںϲŌ~佉Сһ(c)wд~һ~uظەrֻʣ¼Ǻβ
cǺPµһƪHP(gun)ϵֻڰϣcк֮gǺϵP(gun)ϵs˫F֮gڴɔѣڝOfṩ˫Cṩ˸N~͞ǞҲ˃͵~Ⱥ˷ٷm²ʮӢLĴ~so(q)sʳȺǎȥĴ~OҊC@đ(zhn)Ʒǿ.s½Y(ji)r˲ʷŗȻкʂٿ纣
Ʒxݔ۲nj˹̵ur҂ҲԓB֮еyĥy
҂ССĴۺyǰy_JԼעʧˣڡc˹c~~汻~ͰѶ̵ľ{̵ö̹̹GôŤµĴmȻʧľֵ҂hء@NԔ囶ľ҂ȱٵĆ
۵֪Ăl(f)l(f)늟F(xin)҂УS̎l(f)F(xin)늟ۙEs֪۵ڰl(f)늟rǷNDČ^Ⱥ^~zz1600NϺ600NֲwSһ̿zݣһȼ45^@A(ch)ϲķKƳcȼ1200Сrz@N囶ԔľTF(xin)ڵijɾͺx
˵һ֮·LҲMNĥyͿֻҪԳֵ˿sȥӭ(zhn)һɑ(zhn)Ą
cxwȫ8
xҺСfcʮСfϝO־ҶһһҪЈԳֲиľܫ@óɹ
Сf茑һѮϝOһΆ~r឵һl~sρϝOͬ~ˎŰl(f)F(xin)@һl^ԼO(sh)ĴR~mȻ֪yȡԲŗR~ϵ~ζˎȺ~ʳԲԸ@ӷŗKͻ؇~˝OO
xϝO룺@x̫ҲSڸhĵطи~rʮ@λϝO@rѽ(jng)һЩ~]аڬF(xin)ĿǰMٿ҂ƽrһcСy҂пB҂δԓ@λһؑѴ־ȥ.Ŀ
xR~_ʼٵ؇СO΄ӣ|Kp@ΦUָe䓲Sˮһ˲g߱MȫKSȥһQY(ji)˴~ooظˮϡrҵҲһKʯ^˵ҷdzJǷNηԳֲиľmȻ֪]нz˿sӭy@NϝOū@@^Ą҂ҲҪWϝOľ鲻yȡóɹ
x~ѪζһȺ~ᵽ퓌ʳ˵ڳֻʹľĄ~һпÁl(wi)Ks@Ⱥ~~ѽ(jng)һ߀LȤuԼ֡ԓĕrsϢĕrҲ˘^ľ۷ЩpʧDzɱ҂ԓԘ^đB(ti)ȁ팦ܽӋ^
Сfһ꿴ϝOڶʮӢLĴR~ٴ茑@l~ľfϝO˷y֮DZȌ
СfϝOηDUŬ^ľ҂ҲԓǘܝMڬF(xin)ԓeOϣκ¶ҪԳֲиyҪӭyϣQܰ;Uֻ@҂ܫ@øijɹ̈́
cxwȫ9
cҺ1951ڹŰ͌һƪƪСf
c20o~ĹŰ˹һλʥϝOһRZֵСLTϝOһBʮ춼]឵һl~ԲJݔdzM^ľKڵڰʮ឵һlLʮ˳wһǧٰĴR~~ߣȻʹ]ˮ]ʳ]]ֳ֣Ҳzġ(jng)^ҹ֮Kښ~˩ڴ߅S~ǰ퓌Zđ(zhn)Ʒһһֻؚʣһ֧۔ĶY(ji)~yӱԹ\K˽ƣMϻһ~^صڴϣֻÏĉȥõĚqsĬF(xin)
csһ˽ʲôʲôLjԏĕڬF(xin)У҂ܵʧ߀Sؓ`wS˶Oʧȥğcs̮һcDyĭh(hun)£^ϝO˵ĝOfķһʧ·h~ĵù\]з£Ȼ~ڬF(xin)ijЩ˅s܈Գ۾xȡ˷xȡӱѽ(jng)ȵϝOЩӱܵDzʲôǴ҂ܕ鿼ԇʧʧȥġe˵uԱԗǕr@ԏϝOΑġҵȻ͕ȻSࡣ
҂֛]OƤw]Еcڼﴵ·ǸĸæϴÿһŌWؼҾПvv˔[҂Ǜ]ĉ҂Ҳě]ܵ^Щ܉ɞ۵Ė|҂ğֻfrССIJM҂r߀]ҪڣҲͲDy҂˽УSǂϝOһDyĻā]з^Щr(nng)Ь܇Dĭh(hun)»ôԏM˟
oՓcǂϝO߀ڬF(xin)cЩDy҂ѽ(jng)Ǻܺõ҂͑ҌWԏđһеycֻۡҪǂϝOĈԏ͌ğ҂ҲWԏ
cxwȫ10
@һ֮ҌһҺƷcxˡʮ˹ĈԳֲиľˣһҪԳֲи(zhn)ʧ˛]P(gun)ϵҪڹһһ·LԇһΕɹ
@һvһϝOںϲ~ķNNyĴR~~Zc~MжR~߀DZ~ԵľϝOֻR~ĹǼܺͳصwظ۞mȻֻǎR~ĹǼܷظ۞߀ĝOʮ
е˹ϝOBm(x)84]в~Ȼ]зŗ߀һһIJ~ĝOܕŗ~@λ˅sһֱԳԗʮ
ؓˡϝOĵһ㲶˴~ֻ@~BһֱںϝO^šϝOʮĵʹ~˺ÎׂҹK߀Ǒ{ļg(sh)đ(zhn)˴~ҺܚJ˵@N־͈ԳȥěQDz~Ҳã߀ճҲ҂ҲҪϝO@yҪ˿s¸ҵ(zhn)ֻ0.1%Ŀ(zhn)ٌҲҪԳֺܿܕ
һ˲Ҫo'MɾǴX@һԒϝOԸc~Ѫζėl~~ҲϝOҲ֪@һc~ƴǺп܆Mxŗ~Լx_]@ôØƬ͵~Ȼ@ôԼ϶Ҳкܴpʧģ~ⱻֻʣ¹ǼеҲʧϝO]нӋ^҂ҲҪO@ӲҪӋ^ȻʧȥһӖ|ǿ϶õһӵyǰ˿sõđB(ti)҂ȱ
cһҐ۵ĕ
cxwP(gun)£
cxĵw06-16
cxĵw02-01
xcĵw09-13
cxĵw12-23
cxĵw02-04
xcĵw02-05
cxĵw03-02
cxĵw03-02
]cxĵw03-02