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    1. 簡單說說何為之STL的內(nèi)存管理Allocator

      時(shí)間:2021-06-12 09:19:46 說說 我要投稿

      簡單說說何為之STL的內(nèi)存管理Allocator

        1. 概述

      簡單說說何為之STL的內(nèi)存管理Allocator

        STL Allocator是STL的內(nèi)存管理器,也是最低調(diào)的部分之一,你可能使用了3年stl,但卻不知其為何物。

        STL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下介紹Allocator

        the STL includes some low-level mechanisms for allocating and deallocating memory. Allocators are very specialized, and you can safely ignore them for almost all purposes. Allocators encapsulate allocation and deallocation of memory. They provide a low-level interface that permits efficient allocation of many small objects; different allocator types represent different schemes for memory management.

        將其描述為空間配置器,理由是allocator可以將其它存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)(例如硬盤)做為stl 容器的存儲(chǔ)空間。由于內(nèi)存是allocator管理的主要部分,因此,本文以STL內(nèi)存管理為出發(fā)點(diǎn)介紹allocator。

        Allocator就在我們身邊,通常使用STL的方式:

        #include

        std::vectorArray(100);

        本質(zhì)上,調(diào)用的是:

        #include

        std::vectorArray(100);

        std::allocator就是一個(gè)簡單的Allocator

        2. 使用

        針對(duì)不同的應(yīng)用場合,STL中實(shí)現(xiàn)了不同的'Allocator,如下(gcc-3.4:http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~etsman/Docs/gcc-3.4-base/libstdc++/html/20_util/allocator.html):

        __gnu_cxx::new_allocatorSimply wraps ::operator new and ::operator .

        __gnu_cxx::malloc_allocatorSimply wraps malloc and free. There is also a hook for an out-of-memory handler

        __gnu_cxx::debug_allocatorA wrapper around an arbitrary allocator A. It passes on slightly increased size requests to A, and uses the extra memory to store size information.

        __gnu_cxx::__pool_allocA high-performance, single pool allocator. The reusable memory is shared among identical instantiations of this type.

        __gnu_cxx::__mt_allocA high-performance fixed-size allocatorthat was initially developed specifically to suit the needs of multi threaded applications

        __gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocato A high-performance allocator that uses a bit-map to keep track of the used and unused memory locations

        例如,在多線程環(huán)境下,可以使用:

        復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:

        #include

        #include

        std::vectorArray(100);

        3.一個(gè)簡單的Allocator實(shí)現(xiàn)

        我們可以實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的allocator

        復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:

        #include

        template

        class my_allocator : public std::allocator

        {

        public:

        typedef std::allocatorbase_type;

        // 必須要重新定義

        template

        struct rebind

        {

        typedef my_allocatorother;

        };

        // 內(nèi)存的分配與釋放可以實(shí)現(xiàn)為自定義的算法

        pointer allocate(size_type count)

        {

        return (base_type::allocate(count));

        }

        void deallocate(pointer ptr, size_type count)

        {

        base_type::deallocate(ptr, count);

        }

        // 構(gòu)造函數(shù)

        my_allocator()

        {}

        my_allocator(my_allocatorconst&)

        {}

        my_allocator& operator=(my_allocatorconst&)

        {

        return (*this);

        }

        template

        my_allocator(my_allocatorconst&)

        {}

        template

        my_allocator& operator=(my_allocatorconst&)

        {

        return (*this); }

        };

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