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    1. 語法題析---謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)

      發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-2-8 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

      一、主謂一致

        1. 主謂的分隔原則

         S, ---,VO

         主謂之間可以用定從及省略形式的定從分隔

         * 主謂一致與主語同位語無關(guān)

        2. 定語從句中的主謂一致

         ...noun.+that / which +V

         * that, which并不反映單復(fù)數(shù)

         one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 復(fù)V

         the only one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 單V

        3. 隨前一致

         together with, as well as, with, including, of

        4. 隨后一致

         not 單n. but 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V

         not only 單n. but also 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V

        5. 就近一致

         單n. or 復(fù)n.

         either 單n. or 復(fù)n.

         neither 單n. nor 復(fù)n.

         is he or we... 對(duì)

         he or we are... 對(duì)

        6. 可數(shù)名詞and可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

         不可數(shù)名詞and不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

         例外:war and peace is / was

         black and white is / was

         bread and butter is / was

         to love and to be loved is/was

        7. 百分比結(jié)構(gòu)

         most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent

         …+of +n. +V 由名詞決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

        8. 倒裝句中的主謂一致

         There be...

         between , among 等介詞位于句首,即引起倒裝

         Between ...+ be + noun.

         Among...+ be + noun.

         主 + 系 + 表

         主系關(guān)系要一致,系表關(guān)系可以不一致

        9. The+ adj.

         a. 表示“一類人”用復(fù)數(shù)V

         The rich are ridiculous

         b. 表示某一抽象概念

         The good is attractive

        10. one of + 復(fù)數(shù)noun. + 單V

         more than one 單數(shù)noun. + 單數(shù)V

         many a + 單noun. + 單V

         a + 單noun. or + two + 單V: a day or two

         news 單數(shù) measles 不可數(shù)

         the series 用is/are從上下文得出

        二、時(shí)態(tài)

        1. in + 過去某一時(shí)間,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

        2. before + 過去年份,用過去完成時(shí)

        3. for/since:

         for后跟時(shí)間段,可用現(xiàn)在完成和一般過去時(shí)

         since 后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn),只能跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

         I have been a teacher for 3 years.

         I have been a teacher since 1996.

         I was a teacher for 3 years.

        4. 自然現(xiàn)象、真理描述用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

         時(shí)態(tài):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)混用

            一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)混用

        三、語態(tài)   考主被的混用

         一個(gè)證明,二個(gè)位于,三個(gè)需要,四個(gè)情感

        1. 證明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.

         prove(vt) + sth./that +句子

         my advice proved to be wrong

        2. 位于:locate永遠(yuǎn)考被動(dòng)

         situate 主動(dòng):把...放置;確定位置

         被動(dòng):位于

        3. 需要:need, want, require

         情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need+動(dòng)詞

         實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 to do sth. / doing = to be done

        My watch need repairing. (主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)= …to be repaired. )

        4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move

         I am pleased. 主語高興

         he news is pleasing. 令人高興使...高興(心煩、驚訝、感動(dòng))

         Franklin is so moved.

         The story is so moving.