重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法
1．動(dòng)詞time
1)動(dòng)詞time有“選擇(某事)的時(shí)機(jī)；安排……的時(shí)間”的意思，尤用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
①You've timed your holiday cleverly----the weather's at its best. 你真會(huì)選度假時(shí)間--正是天氣最好的時(shí)候。
② His remark was well/badly timed.
他說(shuō)的話正合(不合)時(shí)宜。
③ Kick-off is timed for 2. 30.
足球開賽時(shí)間定于二點(diǎn)半。
④The train is timed to connect with the ferry.
火車時(shí)刻編排得可與渡船運(yùn)行時(shí)刻銜接。
⑤The bomb was timed to explode during the rush-hour.
炸彈已經(jīng)校準(zhǔn)在人最多的時(shí)候爆炸。
2)動(dòng)詞time還可表示“(為跑步者、賽跑、某過(guò)程)計(jì)時(shí)”。
①The egg is hard; you didn't time it properly.
雞蛋煮老了，你沒(méi)掌握好火候。
②Time me while I do two lengths of the pool.
給我記一下游一個(gè)來(lái)回的時(shí)間。
2．動(dòng)詞slow的用法
slow [sl+u] (=to become/make slower) 為動(dòng)詞，意為“減慢”、“使……緩慢”。例如：
①We'd better slow down before reaching the crossroads.
在到達(dá)十字路口以前，我們最好減速。
②The bus slowed its speed as it came near to the bus stop.
汽車進(jìn)站時(shí)就放慢了速度。
③The icy road slowed our progress.
結(jié)冰的道路使我們前進(jìn)的速度減慢了。
【注意】在英語(yǔ)中，有的形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞。例如：
①Please warm this soup. (warm----to become/make warmer)
請(qǐng)把這湯熱一熱。
②The weather is warming when spring comes.
當(dāng)春天到來(lái)時(shí)，天氣變得暖和起來(lái)。
③The snow and cold wind has cooled the air.
這場(chǎng)雪和寒風(fēng)使空氣變涼了。
④Let your tea cool a little because it is too hot now.
因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在茶太熱了，讓它先涼一會(huì)兒吧。
3．sand
1)sand作“沙子，沙�！币鈺r(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞。
They mix sand and cement to make concrete.
他們把沙子和水泥混合制成混凝土。
2)作“沙灘、沙洲、沙地、沙漠”解，多用sands。
①Children like to play on the sands.
孩子們喜歡在沙灘上玩。
②Is it something enjoyable to travel across the burning sands of the desert?
在沙漠中滾燙的沙地里行走是件令人愉快的事嗎？
3)The sands are running out. 意為“期限將到，剩下的時(shí)間不多了。
His sands of life is running out. 他命數(shù)將盡。
4．feed
1)feed意為“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”。
①She has a large family to feed. 她要養(yǎng)活一大家子人。
②Have you fed the chickens? 小雞喂過(guò)了嗎？
③What do you feed your dog on? 你用什么喂狗？
④You should feed the baby some more stewed apple.
你該給嬰兒多喂些燉蘋果。
2)feed還表示“給(某物)提供(某物)”。
①The lake is fed by several small streams.
這湖是由幾條小溪的水匯成的。
②You should feed the fire with wood.
該往火里添柴了。
5．deep & deeply
1)deep可用作形容詞，意為“深的，高深的”。
deep lips 厚嘴唇
deep red 深紅色
deep water 困境
deep in the study 潛心研究
deep in thought 沉思
2)deep用作副詞時(shí)，常用于具體的(時(shí)、空等)的深度。
①dig deep 深挖 bury deep 深埋
②deep-rooted 根深蒂固的
deep-freeze 速凍，冷藏
③drive deep into the wall 深深地打入墻內(nèi)
④seek deep into one's mind 深深地印入腦海
⑤go/study deep into the subject 深入研究這一課題
⑥Still water runs deep. (諺)沉默者深謀。
3)deeply 是個(gè)副詞，常用于比喻場(chǎng)合，表示“非常地，深深地”。
①I am deeply interested in this subject.
我對(duì)這一學(xué)科很感興趣。
②I deeply regret your misfortune.
對(duì)你的不幸我深感同情。
③I'm deeply grateful for your advice.
我對(duì)于你給的勸告很感激。
④He is deeply hurt. 他深受傷害。
⑤She is deeply moved. 她深受感動(dòng)。
6．direction
1)direction 是個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，意為“方向”。
①Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.
Tom 朝一個(gè)方向走，而Harry朝另一個(gè)方向走了。
②The signpost points in a west direction.
路標(biāo)指向西。
③When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.
警察一到，人群就向四面八方散開了。
2)direction 可指“趨向，趨勢(shì)，動(dòng)向”，為可數(shù)名詞。
①That is the present direction of government thinking.
這就是當(dāng)今政府考慮問(wèn)題的取向。
②We're making changes in various directions.
我們正在多方面進(jìn)行改革。
3)directions 可指“指南，說(shuō)明書，用法，操作說(shuō)明”或“(信件，包裹上的)姓名地址”。
①Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box.
盒上印有裝配模型的簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。
②The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect.
包裹因姓名地址有誤而退給了寄件人。
7．certain 的意思和用法
1)certain 為形容詞，相當(dāng)于 sure，意為“有把握的”、“肯定的”，多用作表語(yǔ)，其后跟of短語(yǔ)，不定式或從句。如：
①I am certain of his success.
我肯定他能成功。
②Are you certain of what you say?
你對(duì)你說(shuō)的話有把握嗎？
③He is certain to come.
他一定會(huì)來(lái)。
④You are certain to be happy with them.
跟他們?cè)谝黄鹉阋欢〞?huì)很高興。
⑤The duties before us are certain to be heavy.
擺在我們面前的任務(wù)一定是很重的。
⑥I am not certain whether he will come.
我沒(méi)有把握他究竟來(lái)不來(lái)。
⑦It is certain that two and two make four.
二加二等于四是確信無(wú)疑的。
⑧I am certain that our football team will win.
我確信我們的足球隊(duì)會(huì)贏。
【注】be certain of…表示句子主語(yǔ)對(duì)某事有把握；be certain to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示說(shuō)話人的一種看法。如：
①He is certain of living to 100.
他堅(jiān)信自己能活到一百歲。(主語(yǔ)對(duì)活到一百歲有把握)
②He is certain to live to 100.
他一定能活到一百歲。(說(shuō)話人的看法而非主語(yǔ)有把握)
2)certain 還可作“某人、某些、某種”解釋，此時(shí)只作定語(yǔ)。
①A certain Mr Wang came to see me yesterday.
昨天一位姓王的先生來(lái)找我。
②There was a certain coldness in her attitude toward me.
她對(duì)我的態(tài)度有一點(diǎn)冷淡。
③I am prepared to make certain concessions.
我作好準(zhǔn)備作某些讓步。
【注】certain 作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，如修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用a certain，如修飾不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則不用a。如：
a certain Smith 一位姓史密斯的人
on certain conditions 附帶某些條件
to a certain degree 在某種程度上
for a certain reason 為了某種理由
3)certain 還可作代詞用，意為“某幾個(gè)”、“某些”。如：
certain of his friends 他的某些朋友
certain 的常見(jiàn)詞組有：
for certain 無(wú)疑地、確定地
make certain 弄清楚、弄確實(shí)。如：
①I can not say for certain when he will arrive.
我不敢確定地說(shuō)他將何時(shí)到達(dá)。
②I think there is a train at 8:20, but you ought to make certain.
我想在八點(diǎn)二十分有一班火車，不過(guò)你應(yīng)該問(wèn)清楚。
③Please make certain of the date of meeting.
請(qǐng)把開會(huì)日期弄清楚。
重要詞組短語(yǔ)
1．come up 意為“走近，走上來(lái)” ；“出現(xiàn)”。例如：
①While we were cleaning the street, a stranger came up to ask the way.
當(dāng)我們?cè)谇鍜叽蠼值臅r(shí)候，一個(gè)陌生人走上來(lái)問(wèn)路。
②When we were in need of help, a PLA man came up to offer his help.
當(dāng)我們需要幫助的時(shí)候，一位解放軍走上來(lái)主動(dòng)給我們提供幫助。
③The plan will probably come up at the meeting.
這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃會(huì)上可能會(huì)提出來(lái)。
④He came up for interview but did not get the job.
他到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)接受面試，但并未得到工作。
2．make up 意為“組成”；“構(gòu)成”，常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“be made up of”，意為“由……組成”；“由……構(gòu)成”。例如：
①These five parts make up the book. (或 The book is made up of these five parts.)這五部分構(gòu)成了本書。(本書是由這五部分組成的。)
②Hundreds of parts make up the electric computer. (或 The electric computer is made up of hundreds of parts.)數(shù)百個(gè)零件組成了這臺(tái)電腦。
3．too much和much too的區(qū)別
too much一般是用在不可數(shù)名詞前作前置定語(yǔ)，而much too一般修飾形容詞，放在形容詞之前。例如：
①Eating too much meat will make you put on weight.
吃太多的肉將會(huì)使你發(fā)福。
②This mountain is much too high for the old men to climb.
這座山讓這些老年人來(lái)爬太高了。
4．stay clean 保持清潔
1)stay 在這里是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等作表語(yǔ)，其意思相當(dāng)于 remain 或keep。如：
①You can't expect to slay young.
你不可能指望一直很年輕。
②The shop stays open until eight.
商店一直開到8點(diǎn)。
③What a lovely day! I hope it'll stay fine.
多好的天！我希望能晴下去。
④The patient's temperature stayed around 40℃.
這病人的體溫持續(xù)在攝氏四十度左右。
2)stay 作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有“停留”、“暫住”、“耽擱”、“中止”、“站住”、“堅(jiān)持”等多種意思，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子上下文確定它的意思。
如：
①Stay! You have forgotten your umbrella.
等一等！你把雨傘忘了。
②Won't you stay for supper?
請(qǐng)留下吃晚飯好嗎？
③I stayed to see what would happen.
我留下看進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。
④The teacher made the boy stay in and do his exercises again.
老師要那男孩留在學(xué)校里重做練習(xí)。
3)stay 也可作為及物動(dòng)詞用。意為“阻止”、“延緩”等。如：
①The doctors tried their best to stay the progress of the disease.
醫(yī)生們做了一切努力來(lái)制止疾病發(fā)展。
②He bought some bread to stay his hunger.
他買了面包來(lái)充饑。
③The judgement was stayed because the defendant was ill.
由于被告生病，審判推遲了。
④He stayed the work and had the machine repaired.
他停下工作請(qǐng)人修機(jī)器。
4)動(dòng)詞stay構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)詞組有：
stay away 外出
stay in 呆在家里
stay on 繼續(xù)停留
stay up 不睡覺(jué)、熬夜
stay over 過(guò)夜
5．名詞作定語(yǔ)
在英文中可以用名詞直接做定語(yǔ)用，常見(jiàn)的有：
a shoe shop 鞋店
a war story 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)故事
a furniture exhibition 家具展覽
a history book 一本歷史書
a traffic jam 交通阻塞
a table lamp 臺(tái)燈
an iron bridge 鐵橋
chocolate ice-cream 巧克力冰淇淋
a conference room 會(huì)議室
a bus/train station 汽車(火車)站
a steam engine 蒸汽機(jī)
holiday plans 假期計(jì)劃
a telephone bill 電話收費(fèi)單
a blood test 驗(yàn)血
adult education 成人教育
the car door 汽車門
the table leg 桌腿兒
the river bank 河岸
a coffee cup 咖啡杯
mountain top 山頂
chicken soup 雞湯
baby clothes 嬰兒服
常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1．談?wù)撎鞖獾氖÷跃湫?/p>
在日常交際用語(yǔ)中談?wù)撎鞖獾臅r(shí)候常使用省略句。例如：
①Fine day, isn't it. (=It's a fine day, isn't it?)
天真好，是嗎？
②Very hot, isn't it? (=It's very hot, isn't it?)
天氣很熱，是嗎？
③Blowing hard, isn't it? (=It's blowing hard, isn't it?)
風(fēng)刮得很大，是不是？
2．句型“I wish(that)…”是表示“愿望”的交際用語(yǔ)。
這個(gè)句型所表示的是一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可譯為“但愿……就好了”，含有表示遺憾的意思。因此在賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，則不論主語(yǔ)人稱如何，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用were。例如：
①I wish I could speak Japanese. (=I am sorry I cannot speak Japanese.)但愿我(現(xiàn)在)會(huì)講日語(yǔ)就好了。(遺憾的是我不會(huì)講日語(yǔ)。)
②I wish they were able to pass the final-term examination. (=But in fact they are not able to pass the final-term examination.)要是他們能通過(guò)期末考試
就好了。(但事實(shí)上他們不能通過(guò)期末考試。)
③I wish I knew her address and telephone number. (=I'm sorry I don't know her address and telephone number.)要是我知道她的地址和電話號(hào)碼就好了。(很遺憾我不知道她的地址和電話號(hào)碼。)
④I wish you were a teacher and she were a doctor (In fact, you are not a teacher and she is not a doctor.)但愿你是教師，她是醫(yī)生。(事實(shí)上，你不是教師，她也不是醫(yī)生。)
3．句型“It's a pity that…”是用來(lái)表示“遺憾”的交際用語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中“It's a”和“that”都可以省略。例如：
①Pity we are not living in Beijing. (=It's a pity that we are not living in Beijing.)很遺憾我們不住在北京。
②Pity you can't sing an English song. (=It's a pity that you can't sing an English song.)
真遺憾，你不會(huì)唱英語(yǔ)歌曲。
③Pity I can't go to the movie together with you this afternoon.
真遺憾，我今天下午不能和你們一道去看電影。
④Pity I can't manage it myself. 很遺憾我自己干不了。(=It's a pity that I can't manage it myself.)