重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法
1．fault與mistake
1)fault指“缺點(diǎn)，毛病，過(guò)錯(cuò)，過(guò)失”。
①I like him despite his faults.
雖然他有種種缺點(diǎn)，可我仍然喜歡他。
②Who's fault is this? Mine, I'm afraid.
這是誰(shuí)的過(guò)錯(cuò)？恐怕是我的錯(cuò)。
2)mistake是指“誤解，誤會(huì)，錯(cuò)誤，失策”。
①You can't arrest me！There must be some mistake.
你們不能逮捕我！一定是弄錯(cuò)了。
②The waiter made a mistake over the bill.
服務(wù)員把帳算錯(cuò)了。
③It was a big mistake to leave my umbrella at home.
把傘留在家里失策了。
2．run的用法
1)run表示“跑，奔跑，賽跑”。
①They turned and ran when they saw he had a gun.
他們看見(jiàn)他有槍轉(zhuǎn)身就跑。
②The boy ran off as soon as we appeared.
我們一來(lái)，孩子們都跑了。
③She used to run when she was at college.
在大學(xué)時(shí)她經(jīng)常練跑步。
④I have been running around town all morning looking for Christmas presents.
我在城里跑了一上午購(gòu)買圣誕禮物。
2)run還可表示“(火車、汽車、輪船等)往來(lái)行駛”
①Buses to Oxford run every half hour.
去牛津的公共汽車每半小時(shí)一班。
②The trains don't run on Christmas Day.
圣誕節(jié)火車停駛。
③There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton.
倫敦和布萊頓之間火車班次很多。
3)run可用來(lái)表示“(液體)流動(dòng)”。
①Could you run me a hot bath?
你給我放盆熱水洗澡好嗎？
②Who left the tap running?
誰(shuí)忘了關(guān)水龍頭了。
③The smoke makes my eyes run.
煙熏得我直流眼淚。
④You nose is running.
你又流鼻涕了。
4)run表示“(衣服上的染料或顏色)掉色，擴(kuò)散”。
I'm afraid the color ran when I washed your new skirt.
很遺憾，你那條新裙子我洗的時(shí)候掉色了。
5)run可表示“融化”。
①It was so hot that the butter ran.
天太熱，黃油開(kāi)始化了。
②The wax began to run.
蠟開(kāi)始融化了。
6)run還可表示“負(fù)責(zé)、經(jīng)營(yíng)、管理”。
①He has no idea of how to run the successful business.
他不知道把企業(yè)辦好的方法。
②Stop trying to run my life for me.
我的生活用不著你來(lái)管。
3．serve的用法
1)serve (sb) as sth. 表示“為(某人)工作，(尤指)當(dāng)傭人”。
①He served as a gardener and chauffeur.
他做園藝工人兼司機(jī)。
②He has served his master for many years.
他伺候主人很多年了。
2)serve還可表示“供職，服役”。
①He served as a naval officer during the war.
戰(zhàn)時(shí)他在海軍當(dāng)軍官。
②He has served his country well.
他為國(guó)盡職。
3)serve sb.(with sth.). 表示“將(飯菜)端上桌�！�
①Have all the guests been served with food and drink?
給所有客人都上了飯菜和飲品了嗎？
②Four waiters served lunch for us.
有四位服務(wù)員招待我們吃午飯。
4)serve還可用于“(在商店等處)接待(顧客)或?yàn)轭櫩腿∝浳铩钡囊馑贾小?/p>
①Are you being served?
有售貨員接待您嗎？
②He served some sweets to the children.
他為孩子們拿來(lái)了他們想要的糖。
5)serve還指“(一份飯)夠……”。
This packet of soup serves two.
這包湯料夠兩個(gè)人食用。
4．judge的用法
1)judge用作動(dòng)詞，表示作“斷定，估計(jì)，認(rèn)為”解。其后可帶賓語(yǔ)從句，也可帶不定式或形容詞、名詞等引導(dǎo)的賓補(bǔ)成分。
①We judge that they have finished.
我們估計(jì)他們已經(jīng)干完了。
②We judge them to have finished.
我們估計(jì)他們已經(jīng)干完了。
③She judged him about fifty.
她估計(jì)他在五十歲左右。
④The committee judged it better to start the investigation at once.
委員會(huì)認(rèn)為最好立即開(kāi)始此項(xiàng)調(diào)查。
⑤From his letter, we judged his visit to China a great success.
從他的來(lái)信判斷他對(duì)中國(guó)的訪問(wèn)非常成功。
2)judge用作“判斷，斷定”解時(shí)，還可接wh-分句或wh-加不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
①I can't judge whether she was right or wrong.
我不能斷定她是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)。
②He can't judge which one he likes better?
他不能斷定他更喜歡哪一個(gè)。
③Can you judge which way to take?
你能判斷應(yīng)走哪條路嗎？
3)judge還可表示“評(píng)判，評(píng)價(jià)”，可說(shuō)judge sb./sth.。
①Don't judge a man by his looks.
勿以貌取人。
②I find it hard to judge the style of this painting from such a small portion.
我感到很難從如此小的一部分來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)這幅畫(huà)的風(fēng)格。
4)judging by/from…(從……來(lái)看，據(jù)……來(lái)判斷)是慣用短語(yǔ)，可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)獨(dú)立分句。
①Judging from his looks, he may be sick.
從他的外表看，他或許生病了。
②Judging by his accent, he must be from Guangdong.
聽(tīng)他的口音，準(zhǔn)是個(gè)廣東人。
③Judging from what you say, she ought to succeed.
從你說(shuō)的情況來(lái)看，她應(yīng)當(dāng)能成功。
5．trouble的用法
1)trouble用作名詞，既是可數(shù)的也是不可數(shù)的。
①Troubles never come single.
禍不單行。
②He has been through much trouble.
他已渡過(guò)許多困難。
③Thank you for all your trouble.
多謝你費(fèi)心。
2)ask for trouble, 表示“自討苦吃，自找麻煩”，類似的慣用法還有borrow trouble, look for trouble等。
①Forget about it, why borrow trouble.
忘掉它吧，為什么自尋煩惱呢？
②However, that is borrowing trouble.
然而，那是怨天尤人，自尋煩惱。
③Don't borrow trouble by worrying about next year. It's too far away.
不要為明年的事煩惱，那畢竟太遙遠(yuǎn)了。
④Tom drives fast on worn-out tires, he is asking for trouble.
湯姆用磨損的輪胎開(kāi)快車，簡(jiǎn)直是自找麻煩。
3)be a trouble to sb. 表示“對(duì)某人是個(gè)麻煩”。
①I don't want to be a trouble to you.
我不想成為你的負(fù)擔(dān)。
②Teaching seems a trouble to him.
教書(shū)對(duì)他好像是件麻煩事。
③She has always been a great trouble to her parents.
她一直是父母的大累贅。
4)be a trouble to do sth. 表示“干某事是件麻煩事”。
①Some dishes are very enjoyable to eat but a great trouble to prepare.
有些菜吃起來(lái)可口，但做起來(lái)很麻煩。
②It's a great trouble to carry these breakables.
帶這些易碎品可真是件麻煩事。
5)go to the trouble of doing sth. 表示“不怕麻煩(干)……，特意(干)……”。
①John told Mr.Brown not to go to the trouble of driving him home.
約翰告訴伯朗寧先生不必麻煩開(kāi)車送他回家。
②She went to the trouble of compiling a handbook for the students.
她不辭辛苦地替學(xué)生編了一本手冊(cè)。
6)have trouble with表示“有病痛；同……鬧糾紛”。
①She is having trouble with her teeth.
她的牙在痛。
②He has much trouble with his friends.
他與朋友鬧糾紛。
7)have trouble to do sth. 表示“做某事很費(fèi)力(事，心)”，與have trouble doing sth. 同義。
①I have much trouble to keep out of debt.
我費(fèi)盡心機(jī)以免于負(fù)債。
②I have some trouble in reading her handwriting.
認(rèn)她的筆跡，我覺(jué)得有些困難。
8)make trouble表示“鬧事，搗亂”。
①Don't make trouble.
不要搗亂。
②If you don't listen to him, he will make trouble.
如果你不答應(yīng)他，他會(huì)搗亂的。
9)make trouble for sb. 表示“給某人帶來(lái)麻煩�！�
①The unhappy boy makes trouble for his baby sitters.
那個(gè)不快樂(lè)的小孩常給臨時(shí)保姆添麻煩。
②The boy makes trouble for his teacher.
這個(gè)男孩常給老師找麻煩。
10)take the trouble to do sth. 和take the trouble in doing sth. 同義，表示“費(fèi)心(力，神)去做某事”。
①I'll do it for you since you take the trouble to ask me.
你既然不嫌煩地來(lái)求我，我一定幫你的忙。
②Can't you at least take the trouble to write a note of thanks?
難道你就不能至少費(fèi)心寫(xiě)封感謝信嗎？
③Thank you for the trouble you have taken in sending my son to us.
謝謝你不辭勞苦把兒子送到我們這兒。
11)take trouble about/over sth. 表示“用心去做某事”。
①The plan I took so much trouble about has fallen through.
我苦心經(jīng)營(yíng)的計(jì)劃已歸失敗。
②The work is badly done; he didn't take much trouble over it.
這事做得很糟，他并沒(méi)有用心去做。
12)get into trouble表示“陷入困境”；get out of trouble表示“擺脫困境”。
①I got into trouble through helping him.
我國(guó)幫助他而陷入困境。
②This will get you into trouble.
這將使你陷入困境。
③He has got out of trouble. 他已擺脫困境。
13)give sb. trouble, give trouble to sb. 和put sb. to trouble同義，都表示“麻煩某人，給某人添麻煩�！�
①He gave me a good deal of trouble.
他給我添了大量麻煩。
②I'm sorry to put you to so much trouble.
我這樣麻煩你真對(duì)不起。
③I've put you to much trouble, I'm afraid.
恐怕給你惹了不少麻煩。
14)in trouble表示“處于困境”之中，與get into trouble意思相近。
①He is in hopeless trouble.
他陷入無(wú)望的困境之中。
②He is a kind friend to everyone in trouble.
他是每一個(gè)患難人的好朋友。
15)no trouble是“沒(méi)麻煩，不費(fèi)事”的意思。
①It's no trouble at all. 毫不費(fèi)事。
②No trouble at all, I assure you.
我保證一點(diǎn)兒也不費(fèi)事。
16)at the trouble to do sth. 指“費(fèi)心(力)干某事，特意干某事”。
①Gold is scarce and can only be mined at great trouble.
黃金稀有珍貴，只有付出巨大艱辛才能開(kāi)采出來(lái)。
②Would you be at the trouble to ring the bell for me?
請(qǐng)您費(fèi)神幫我按一下門鈴，好嗎？
17)save sb. trouble和spare sb. trouble同義，表示“省掉(某人的)麻煩”。
①His help has saved me trouble.
他的幫助省去了我很多麻煩。
②That will spare me much trouble.
那將省去我許多麻煩。
18)trouble可用作動(dòng)詞。
①His wound troubles him a great deal.
傷口把他折磨得很厲害。
②Oh, don't trouble, thanks.
啊，別麻煩了，多謝。
③Don't trouble about it. 別為此事費(fèi)心了。
19)trouble一詞常用于一些客氣的說(shuō)法。
①M(fèi)ay I trouble you to shut the door?
勞駕請(qǐng)您把門關(guān)上好嗎？
②May I trouble you for the salt?
麻煩您把鹽遞過(guò)來(lái)好嗎？
③I'll trouble you for a second cup.
我想煩您再給我一杯。
④I'll trouble you to remember your own business.
抱歉，請(qǐng)你少管閑事好嗎？
20)trouble sb. about/with sth.表示“以某事來(lái)打擾(煩惱)某人”。
①He is always troubling me about his unimportant business.
他總是以他不重要的事情來(lái)煩惱我。
②I'm much troubled with bad cold.
重感冒折磨得我很厲害。
21)trouble to do sth. 多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。
①Why should I trouble to apologize?
我何必多事去道歉呢。
②Don't trouble to come out, please.
請(qǐng)留步，別出來(lái)了。
6．a(chǎn)dvise為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“忠告，勸告，建議”�；居梅ㄈ缦拢�
1)接名詞或代詞：
①We asvise an early start.我們建議早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
2)接由“賓語(yǔ)+不定式”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：
②Doctors advised me to have my tooth pulled out.
大夫建議讓我拔牙。
③I advised him to give up smoking, but I failed.
我勸他把煙戒掉，但我沒(méi)有成功。
3)接由“賓語(yǔ)+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”構(gòu)成的雙賓語(yǔ)：
④He advised her how to do it.
他建議她該怎么辦。
4)接從句：
⑤I advise that you (should) go at once.
我建議你馬上就去。
(5)接動(dòng)詞-ing形式：
⑥I advised his starting at once.
我建議他馬上動(dòng)身。
7．desire, hope, want與wish的用法區(qū)別
1)desire強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望的熱切，帶有要盡力爭(zhēng)取的含義。
①We all desire peace and happiness.
我們都向往和平和幸福。
②She desires that you (should) come at once.
她盼你立刻就來(lái)。
2)hope除表示“希望”外，兼有“打算”的含義，表示對(duì)愿望的可能實(shí)現(xiàn)抱有一定信心。
①We hope to enlarge this factory and increase production.
我們希望擴(kuò)大廠房，增加生產(chǎn)。
②I hope to see you soon.希望早日見(jiàn)面。
3)want是個(gè)常用詞，只能說(shuō)want to do sth., 或want sb.to do sth., 不可帶賓語(yǔ)從句。
①Do you want to come back here ever again?
你還想不想再回來(lái)？
②Do you want him to come back here ever again?
你還想不想他再回來(lái)？
4)wish多表示不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，或用于祝愿語(yǔ)。后面可以跟賓語(yǔ)加賓補(bǔ)形式(hope不可以)。
①I wish that he would be well soon.
但愿他很快會(huì)好起來(lái)。
②I wish him well. 祝他身體健康。
③I wish you to do that once again.
我希望你能再做一次。
重要詞組短語(yǔ)
1．or else的意思是“否則”、“要不(就是)”。例如：
①You must go there quickly or else you will not be back in time.
你得趕緊去那里，否則你就不能準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕回來(lái)。
②The book must be here, or else you've lost it.
書(shū)應(yīng)該在這兒，要不就是你丟了。
③Go quickly, or else you'll be late.
快點(diǎn)走，否則你會(huì)遲到的。
2．get off的用法
get off意為“脫下”。例如：
①It's rather hot today, we must get off the jacket.
今天太熱了，我們必須脫下夾克衫。
【注意】get off還可作“下車”；“離開(kāi)”；“出發(fā)”；“起飛”解。例如：
②As soon as I got off the bus, I started for the village on foot.
我一下公共汽車，就開(kāi)始步行到村里去。
③We must get off at once or we'll be late.
我們必須馬上走，否則要遲到了。
④We got off immediately after breakfast.
我們一吃過(guò)早飯就出發(fā)了。
⑤The plane got off on time.
飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)時(shí)起飛。
3．favor的幾個(gè)詞組
1)in favor(of)表示“贊成，主張”，常用作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)。
①The students were in favor of reform.
學(xué)生贊成改革。
②All those in favor say“Aye”
贊成的人請(qǐng)說(shuō)“行”。
2)do sb. a favor或do a favor for sb. 是個(gè)正式的禮貌用語(yǔ)，意思是“給某人以恩惠，幫某人的忙”。
①Would you do me a favor?
幫我一下好嗎？
②He is always ready to do his comrades a favor.
他總是樂(lè)于助人。
③Do me a favor by turning off the radio.
幫我把收音機(jī)關(guān)掉。
④She asked me to do her the favor of closing the door.
她請(qǐng)我?guī)兔﹃P(guān)上門。
⑤Will you do me the favor to lend me the dictionary?
可否幫個(gè)忙把字典借給我？
⑥D(zhuǎn)o me the favor to come.
務(wù)請(qǐng)光臨。
【注】do sb．a(chǎn) favor后接of doing或不定式時(shí)，應(yīng)將不定冠詞a改為定冠詞the。
4．put on, have on與wear的比較
wear, have on表示狀態(tài)，指“穿著”(衣服、襪子、鞋子)，“戴著”(帽子、手套、眼鏡)。wear還可表示佩戴手表、首飾、徽章、花兒以及留頭發(fā)、胡須的長(zhǎng)短、式樣等。 have on不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on著重穿戴的動(dòng)作，表示“穿上”(衣服、襪子、鞋子等)。例如：
①He is wearing a new shirt today.(=He has on a new shirt.)
他今天穿著一件新襯衫。
②She always has her red shoes on.(=She always wears her red shoes.)
她總是穿一雙紅鞋。
③She was wearing a pair of white gloves, a gold ring, a new watch and jewels at the ball that night.
那天晚上在舞會(huì)上她戴著一副白手套，一枚金戒指，一塊新手表和珠寶首飾。
④You'd better put on your coat.It's cold outside.
外邊很冷，你最好穿上大衣。